Conjugated Linoleic Acid
CLA is a term describing several geometric and positional isomers of common linoleic acid (an omega-6 fatty acid). CLA, however, has many opposing physiological effects to linoleate, notably in reference to carcinogenesis and inflammation. The unique properties of CLA may in part be due to its postulated antioxidant properties This mechanism, however, has […]

The conversion of carbohydrate to fat requires that pyruvate be oxidized to acetyl-CoA. This oxidative process occurs within the mitochondria. However, fatty acid synthesis occurs predominately in the cytosol. Therefore, the acetyl group, which is the intermediate substrate for fatty acid synthesis, must be transported from inside the mitochondria to the cytosol before it can […]

Triglycerides are composed of a glycerol backbone with three free fatty acids attached. In the case of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) these fatty acids are made up of a mixture of C6 to C12 medium-chain fatty acids. Unlike long-chain triglycerides, the MCTs are liquid at room temperature and are relatively soluble in water. For example, the […]

Creatine supplementation has also been shown to have a positive effect on exercise tolerance in chronic heart failure patients. Reduced creatine availability has been implicated in the metabolic abnormalities of failing myocardial tissue, and creatine supplementation has been shown to attenuate pharmacologically induced metabolic stress in rat myocardium, although the contribution of PCr to energy […]

Taking a step back, although increased oxygen processing and subsequent radical production seem to be the ultimate villains to exercising individuals, this is not necessarily the case. It’s not news to anyone that people need oxygen to survive. This fact is made obvious by traveling to a high altitude, where symptoms quickly arise largely because […]

Most individuals are familiar with phosphates as being part of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As we know, phosphates (inorganic) can control the rate of enzymes, especially in glycolysis. Some evidence suggests that phosphate supplementation may provide some benefits during periods of dieting. Minimal, if any, animal research has been reported investigating the potential use of phosphate […]

Several studies have evaluated the effects of short- and long-term creatine supplementation on hematological profiles and have found that creatine supplementation does not significantly affect the following variables - carbon dioxide, uric acid, total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, basophils, hemoglobin, hematocrit, total bilirubin, […]

Tribulus terrestris is also known as Puncture Vine and Caltrop fruit. Proponents of its use claim the substance acts as a luteinizing hormone stimulant that can increase the body’s production of testosterone, which in turn would augment protein synthesis. Claims are based on obscure case studies published in foreign journals that are not easily obtained. […]

Losing fat has been included in the list of arts, as it is learnt on the basis of definite rules. The dietary habits of people across the globe have always had deep impact on their lifestyle. And the conclusion is that majority of people have a common topic of discussion – how to lose fat?
Maintain […]

The effects of vanadium are relative to different organ systems. One of the most consistent effects of vanadate is illustrated in the alterations in the function of mammalian kidneys. Infusion or injection of vanadium into the renal artery causes profound renal artery vasoconstriction. In cat and dog models, this reaction appears to be as intense […]